ࡱ> :( / 00DArialngsRomanttsx: 0DGaramondRomanttsx: 0 DTimes New Romanttsx: 00DWingdingsRomanttsx: 0@0.  @n?" dd@  @@`` `+r,,HH     !"% )*+5- 0AA@8  ʚ;3 8ʚ;g4BdBdxx: 0~ppp@ <4dddd@ 0t\s 0___PPT10 ___PPT9|{\ ?  %Lesson Three Clarity: Actions From Joseph Williams Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace (2000),GZ(CHARACTERS & ACTIONSOnce upon a time, there was Little Red Riding Hood, Grandma, the Woodsman, and the Wolf. The end. Once upon a time, as a walk through the woods was taking place, a jump out from behind a tree occurred, causing a fright.HCHARACTERS & ACTION (better& sort of)%%&Once upon a time, as a walk through the woods was taking place on the part of Little Red Riding Hood, the Wolf s jump out from behind a tree occurred, causing fright in Little Red Riding Hood. !CHARACTERS & ACTION (way better)""& Once upon a time, Little Red Riding Hood was walking through the woods, when the wolf jumped out from behind a tree and frightened her.CHARACTERS & ACTIONSWhy do we like that one better? The characters are subjects of verbs The characters actions are verbs.0 H]   Choose a paragraph of your own writing. Identify the subjects and verbs in each sentence. Are they near each other? How could you revise them? Look at the verbs. Are the verbs the subjects actions?n  r Our lack (noun/action) of data prevented (verb) evaluation (noun/action) of state action in targeting (noun/action) funds to areas in need (noun/action) of assistance (noun/action). Because we lacked (verb/action) data, we could not evaluate (verb/action) whether the state had targeted (verb/action) funds to areas that needed (verb/action) assistance (noun/action).              NOMINALIZATION[Verb Nominalization discover discovery resist resistance react reaction flies flying:\ZE [Adjective Nominalization careless carelessness different difference proficient proficiency:\Z C NOMINALIZATION CLUES PLook for words with the following endings: -ing -tion -ment -ence or -ance -ness+&+b, NOMINALIZATION PRACTICE NOMINALIZATION How would you revise the following sentences? The results are indicative that the data are representative of the population. There is opposition among voters to nuclear power plants near population centers.8.n0 /   0` 3333ff3` 3333f33ff3` "3333̙ff3` Kf3̙` &e̙3g3f` f333̙po7` ___f3̙;/f9` ff3Lm` ff3LmNLm>?" dd@*?nAd@q<nAqFLK#M n?" dd@   @@``PR    M`2p>> & D(  D D H|є? ?" `}  X Click to edit Master title style!!  @ D HhԔ? ?" `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!    S   D 64۔ #" `] `}  ^*    D 6l #" ``   d*      D 6, #" `] `}  d*      D C @ABCDE FjJ@3"0`B D s *DjJ"0 `0H D 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.  +D='  = @B + Edge  0   H(  H H H ? ?"@   X Click to edit Master title style!!   H HHr? ?"    [#Click to edit Master subtitle style$$   H 6  #" `] `}  ^*    H 6ħ  #" `]}    d*      H 6d  #" `] `}   d*      H C @ABCDE F8c@3"@B H s *DjJ"  ,$ 0H H 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.  +ityD='  = @B + 0 zrt (  t t 0ěK P   K P*   t 0K    K R*  d t c $ ?  K t 0K  0 K RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S t 6K _P  K P*   t 6K _  K R*  H t 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.6Pv  0  0(  x  c $ H@   x  c $< H    H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.6@+D='  = @B +<   0 0LP(  Lr L S D `}    L S D00`<$ 0  H L 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9$___PPT10.603+[W_D'  = @B DS' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Lc%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Lc%(+8+0+L0 +   0 @PP(  Pr P S )D `}    P S *D `<$ 0  H P 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10.6$+[W_DO'  = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(+8+0+P0 +w    0 PT/(  Tr T S 9D `}    T S 9D `<$ 0   T 6l @,$ 0 =Once upon a time, Little Red Riding Hood was walking through the woods, when the wolf jumped out from behind a tree and frightened her. nA H T 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9x___PPT10X.6݅+)kfD'  = @B Dw' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +De' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*TD' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(+p+0+T0 ++0+T0 +    0 `XP(  Xr X S tD `}    X S |D `<$ 0  H X 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10.6 A+[W_D1'  = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X %(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X E%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*XEh%(+8+0+X0 +  0 p\(  \v \ c $؊DP<$ 0  p Once upon a time as a walk (action/noun) though the woods was taking (empty verb) place on the part of Little Red Riding Hood, the Wolf s jump (action/noun) out from behind a tree occurred (empty verb) causing fright (action/noun) in Little Red Riding Hood. OR Once upon a time, Little Red Riding Hood was walking (action/verb) through the woods, when the Wolf jumped (action/verb) out from behind a tree and frightened (action/verb) her.R8. "   H \ 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9me___PPT10E.6 #4+[W_D'  = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%(+8+0+\0 +    0  `f(  ` ` S D `<$ 0  "hu=r  ` S ,D `}   H ` 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10~.6+VߥCD'  = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D ' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`(%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`(\%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`\%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(+8+0+`0 +e    0 D< |(  | | S D ` <$ 0   | 6p,$ 0 \Our lack (noun/action) of data prevented (verb) evaluation (noun/action) of state action in targeting (noun/action) funds to areas in need (noun/action) of assistance (noun/action) .0   H | 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9  ___PPT10 .6+,/D '  = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +De' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*|D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*|%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*|%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*|s%(+p+0+|0 ++0+|0 +   0 E=p(  pr p c $|D0<$ 0   Despite her knowledge of the need by cities for more money, her veto of a bigger education budget aimed at giving encouragement to cities for an increase in local taxes.# p 0@` ,$ 0 ODespite her knowledge of the need by cities for more money, her veto of a bigger education budget aimed at giving encouragement to cities for an increase in local taxes. Although the governor knew that the cities needed more money for schools, she vetoed a bigger education budget to encourage the cities to increase their local taxes.$ nA0 2  . ' H p 0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9x___PPT10X.6Z+)kfD'  = @B Dw' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +De' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*pD' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p%(+p+0+p0 ++0+p0 +"    0  P (  r  S HD `}  H    <H D"`0  p <$D 0 H    B H D"`0p `p <$D  0 H $  60P06,$ 0 DNominalization occurs by turning a verb or an adjective into a noun.*E07(  6|H0 P6,$ 0 >We nominalize a verb or adjective when we turn it into a noun.4?0 2H  0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10.6+PvDv'  = @B D1' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(Dd' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**=%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*=N%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*N\%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0E%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*E\%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+ 0 +   0 P(  r  S P=HD `}  H   S P>HD `<$ 0 H H  0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9  ___PPT10` .6| +[W_D '  = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*+%(D' =%(DM' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*+0%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*06%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*6<%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<K%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*KQ%(+8+0+0 +#   0 .4^(  r  S IHD `}  H   ` 4 #"&;;:;; `<$D 0 H " BPRH? ` Rexplicit  M ! B[H?  PdecideM   BdH?@  Rrelevant  M  BTVH? @  QpreciseM  BsH?  S important  M  B|H?   V intelligence  M  BpH? `  OclearM  BH?   QcarefulM  BH?@   Raccuracy  M  BH? @  Rincrease  M  BH?   QimproveM  BH?    Rdecrease  M  BLH?f`  U description  M  BDH?f  PappearM  BH?@ f  PappealM  BH?f@  U acquisition  M  BH?f  QfailureM  B|H? f  T expression  M  BH?+`f U explanation  M  BK?+f QdiscussM  BH K?@ +f PdefineM   BK?+@ f T comparison  M   BK?+f Rapproach  M   B)K? +f QsuggestM   B|K?`+ Revaluate  M   B9K?+ S emphasize  M  BBK?@ + T conclusion  M  BLK?@ + QattemptM  BHVK?+ QbelieveM  B_K? + Ranalysis  M`B # 0o ? `ZB $ s *1 ? +`+ZB % s *1 ? f`fZB & s *1 ?  ` ZB ' s *1 ?  ` `B ( 0o ? ``B ) 0o ?  ZB * s *1 ?ZB + s *1 ?ZB , s *1 ?@ @ ZB - s *1 ?ZB . s *1 ?`B / 0o ?``H  0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10n.6r +ŗ.FDB'  = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4%(+4    0 f(  r  S T D `}     S ̍ D `<$ 0   "hu=H  0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9  ___PPT10 .6+wB+FDz '  = @B D5 ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.0%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +}  0 $(    c $~HD  ` KH@___PPT9" \Choose another paragraph of your text. Highlight all the verbs or adjectives that are nominalized. Try revising a few sentences that have nominalizations. If you do not have any nominalizations, great! But revise this: ,nV |hu=  6K @4 f The frequent use of nominalizations instead of verbs results in the frustration of reader expectations. Their expectation is of characters as subjects and their actions as verbs. Increased reader frustration results from dropping characters from sentences altogether. $0nAZ8XH  0޽h ? ___f3̙;/f9___PPT10i.6`+D='  = @B +P 0 x`(  xX x C t   K x S ԽKt 0  K bNHave students revise the first sentence based on issues of subjects and verbs.H x 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.6PvrP0B%$+24=BzNWXBg),rڬF_1Oh+'0  hp   $ 0<D Lesson Three Clarity: ActionsAmy Ferdinandt StolleyEdgeCollege of Liberal Arts10Microsoft Office PowerPoint@_@p&܄6@Ь 6Gg  C  y--$xx--'̙-- % % --'̙--%"EE--'@Garamond-. f32 & Lesson Three."System-@Garamond-. f3!2 3Clarity: Actions.-@Arial-. %2 U$From Joseph Williams.-@Arial-.  2 UX.-@Arial-. C2 \$(Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace.-@Arial-. 2 a$(2000).-՜.+,0  $ , On-screen Show$Purdue University Graduate Student] Arial GaramondTimes New Roman WingdingsEdgeLesson Three Clarity: ActionsCHARACTERS & ACTIONS%CHARACTERS & ACTION (bettersort of)"CHARACTERS & ACTION (way better)CHARACTERS & ACTIONSSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9NOMINALIZATIONNOMINALIZATION CLUES NOMINALIZATION PRACTICENOMINALIZATION Slide 14  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles/_College of Liberal ArtsCollege of Liberal Arts  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy{|}~Root EntrydO)Current UserSummaryInformation(zPowerPoint Document(DocumentSummaryInformation8